A Video 13 Billion Years in the Making! (Videos) *Realistic simulation of the formation of the Milky Way*

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Milky Way Galaxy (within 50,000 light years)

Milky Way Formation Simulation How do galaxies form and develop? Astrophysicists at the University of Zurich and astronomers from the University of California at Santa Cruz have developed a realistic computer simulation of the formation of the Milky Way Galaxy, a spiral galaxy. This is a world's first and illustrates how gravity began forming galaxies about a million years after the Big Bang. About 10 billion years ago, the disk of the Milky Way began forming. The Milky Way continued growing by accreting gas and dwarf galaxies until the current status was reached, including the Sun and our home Earth. Next different types of galaxies are planned for simulation, such a an elliptical galaxy. Then a galaxy group of about 10+ galaxies could be simulated. Ultimately, a simulation of the entire Universe is theoretically possible but not practical as currently there is insufficient computing power available.

Cold Dark Matter The simulation calculation was obviously a very complex, multi-year effort, including even the effects of dark matter. The ultimate achievement was the simulation validates the standard cosmological theory, which assumes the main component of matter in the Universe is cold dark matter, which is still an unknown component. Although this cold dark matter does not interact with warmer visible matter, it is the source of most gravity in and compromises almost 90% of the mass of the Universe.

ERIS: World's First Realistic Simulation of the Formation of the Milky Way For almost 20 years astrophysicists have been trying to recreate the formation of spiral galaxies such as our Milky Way realistically. Now astrophysicists from the University of Zurich present the world's first realistic simulation of the formation of our home galaxy together with astronomers from the University of California at Santa Cruz. The new results were partly calculated on the computer of the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS) and show, for instance, that there has to be stars on the outer edge of the Milky Way.

Interview with Lucio Mayer on World's First Realistic Simulation of the Formation of Milky Way First glimpse into birth of the Milky Way - For almost 20 years astrophysicists have been trying to recreate the formation of spiral galaxies such as our Milky Way realistically. Now astrophysicists from the University of Zurich present the world's first realistic simulation of the formation of our home galaxy together with astronomers from the University of California at Santa Cruz. The new results were partly calculated on the computer of the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS) and show, for instance, that there has to be stars on the outer edge of the Milky Way.

For additional information about the Universe, see Atlas of the Universe.

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Living in a Post-Human World (Video) Michio Kaku: "We will become the gods that we once feared"

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Will transbiological humans be like the gods of mythology?

The Future of Humanity Michio Kaku asserts that humans have not changed, but are the same as the cavemen of 100,000 year ago. The basic personality is the same. The difference is the technology modern humans have developed. The post-human world will be similar socially and culturally. Further, through technology, "we will become the gods we once feared", having their abilities and powers. The capabilities of Zeus, Athena, and Apollo will become reality in a post-human world. Even new animals will be created, such as Pegasus, and extinct animals will be resurrected, such as dinosaurs. While our ancestors would be in awe of our current technology, our descendants would be seen by us as gods.

Living in a Post-Human World Big Think reader Liam Stein asks Dr. Michio Kaku the question "How will the world look post-singularity? Can you walk us through a day in the life of a transhuman?" Michio Kaku: At some point in the future we will have robots as smart as us. Why not enhance ourselves?Fundamentally we are the same cavemen and cavewomen of 100,000 years ago that emerged from Africa, except we have all the gizmos and gadgets of today, but our basic personality hasn’t changed so much. People will still want to look acceptable to their peers, acceptable to members of the opposite sex and so living in a post human world is not going to be that much different than living in the human world except we’ll have perfect bodies, except we’ll be ageless. We will become the gods that we once feared. We will like Zeus mentally control objects around us. Like Venus we will have perfect bodies and ageless bodies. Like Apollo we will have carriages that make us fly effortlessly in the sky with no energy from the outside and like Pegasus we’ll have animals that have never walked the surface of the earth or ceased walking the surface of the earth tens of thousands of years ago. In other words, if we today were to meet our grandparents of 1900 they would view us with our rockets and GPS systems and iPads. They would view us as sorcerers, wizards. How would we today view someone from 2100? We would view them as the gods of mythology.

About Michio Kaku Dr. Michio Kaku is a theoretical physicist, best-selling author, and popularizer of science. He’s the co-founder of string field theory (a branch of string theory), and continues Einstein’s search to unite the four fundamental forces of nature into one unified theory. He has appeared on television (Discovery, BBC, ABC, Science Channel, and CNN to name a few), written for popular science publications like Discover, Wired, and New Scientist, been featured in documentaries like Me & Isaac Newton, and hosted many of his own including BBC’s recent series on Time. He received a B.S. (summa cum laude) from Harvard University in 1968 where he came first in his physics class. He went on to the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in 1972. In 1973, he held a lectureship at Princeton University. Michio continues Einstein’s search for a “Theory of Everything,” seeking to unify the four fundamental forces of the universe—the strong force, the weak force, gravity and electromagnetism. He is the author of several scholarly, Ph.D. level textbooks and has had more than 70 articles published in physics journals, covering topics such as superstring theory, supergravity, supersymmetry, and hadronic physics. He holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College of New York, where he has taught for over 25 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, as well as New York University (NYU).

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